Operators

ZPy supports various operators for computations and comparisons.

Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Description	Example
+	Addition	1 + 2 → 3
-	Subtraction	5 - 3 → 2
*	Multiplication	4 * 3 → 12
/	Division	10 / 4 → 2.5
%	Modulo	10 % 3 → 1
**	Power (exponentiation)	2 ** 3 → 8

a = 10 + 5     # 15
b = 10 - 3     # 7
c = 4 * 5      # 20
d = 15 / 4     # 3.75
e = 17 % 5     # 2
f = 2 ** 10    # 1024

Power Operator

The ** operator raises a number to a power:

2 ** 3        # 8
2.0 ** 3      # 8.0
4 ** 0.5      # 2.0 (square root)
2 ** -1       # 0.5 (negative exponent returns float)

The power operator is right-associative:

2 ** 3 ** 2   # 512 (same as 2 ** (3 ** 2))

It has higher precedence than unary minus on the left:

-2 ** 2       # -4 (same as -(2 ** 2))

Comparison Operators

Operator	Description	Example
==	Equal	5 == 5 → true
!=	Not equal	5 != 3 → true
<	Less than	3 < 5 → true
>	Greater than	5 > 3 → true
<=	Less or equal	3 <= 3 → true
>=	Greater or equal	5 >= 5 → true

x = 10
x == 10    # true
x != 5     # true
x < 20     # true
x > 5      # true
x <= 10    # true
x >= 10    # true

Logical Operators

Operator	Description	Example
and	Logical AND	true and false → false
or	Logical OR	true or false → true
not	Logical NOT	not true → false

a = true
b = false

a and b    # false
a or b     # true
not a      # false
not b      # true

Assignment Operators

Operator	Description	Example
=	Assign	x = 5
+=	Add and assign	x += 3
-=	Subtract and assign	x -= 2
*=	Multiply and assign	x *= 2
/=	Divide and assign	x /= 2
%=	Modulo and assign	x %= 3

x = 10
x += 5     # x = 15
x -= 3     # x = 12
x *= 2     # x = 24
x /= 4     # x = 6.0
x %= 4     # x = 2.0

String Operations

# Concatenation
greeting = "Hello" + " " + "World"

# In expressions
name = "ZPy"
msg = "Welcome to " + name

List Operations

# Indexing
items = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
first = items[0]     # 1

# Assignment
items[0] = 10        # [10, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Operator Precedence

From highest to lowest:

1. Parentheses ()
2. Power **
3. Multiplication, Division, Modulo *, /, %
4. Addition, Subtraction +, -
5. Comparison ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
6. Logical NOT not
7. Logical AND and
8. Logical OR or

result = 2 + 3 * 4      # 14 (not 20)
result = (2 + 3) * 4    # 20
result = 2 ** 3 ** 2    # 512 (right-associative)
result = -2 ** 2        # -4 (power has higher precedence)
result = 2 * 3 ** 2     # 18 (power before multiplication)